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Volume 33, Issue 1 , Pages 201.e1-201.e8 , January 2012

The association between white matter hyperintensities and executive decline in mild cognitive impairment is network dependent

Heidi I.L. Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre, Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- European Graduate, School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Tel: +31 43 388 41 26; fax: +31 43 388 40 92
Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre, Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- European Graduate, School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centre, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Martin P.J. Van Boxtel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre, Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- European Graduate, School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Giovanni B. Frisoni
- IRCCS San Giovanni, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Neuroimaging, Brescia, Italy
Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Memory and Dementia Centre, 3rd Department of Neurology, G. Papanicolaore General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Panagiota Papapostolou
- Papageorgiou Hospital, Department of Radiology, Thessaloniki, Greece
Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurophysiology Service, Department of Endocrinological and Metabolic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Lars-Olof Wahlund
- NVS Department, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
Harald Hampel
- Alzheimer Memorial Centre and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College, Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Biomarker Research, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Trinity, Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity, Academic Medical Center (The Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating the National Children's Hospital (AMNCH)), Dublin 24, Ireland
Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Laura van de Pol
- Alzheimer Centre, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Centre, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Frans E.S. Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre, Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
Jelle Jolles
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre, Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- European Graduate, School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Frans R.J. Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre, Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- European Graduate, School of Neuroscience EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands

Received 27 October 2009 ,Revised 13 July 2010 ,Accepted 16 July 2010.

The location of WMH in relation to executive functioning (z-score) over the four yearly assessments: associations were analyzed using linear mixed models. The plots (A, B and C) show the significant r

The location of WMH in relation to executive functioning (z-score) over the four yearly assessments: associations were analyzed using linear mixed models. The plots (A, B and C) show the significant relationships of executive functioning over time with presence of WMH in the three dedicated cortical networks. Error bars represent standard error from the mean. Abbreviations: WMH: White Matter hyperintensities; 0: baseline; 1: follow-up one; 2: follow-up two; 3: follow-up three.
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