Neurobiology of Aging
Volume 30, Issue 4 , Pages 546-548 , April 2009

Higher total cholesterol, cognitive decline, and dementia

  • Francesco Panza

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatrics, Center for Lipoprotein Metabolism, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +39 080 5473685; fax: +39 080 5478860.
    • ,
  • Vincenzo Solfrizzi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatrics, Center for Lipoprotein Metabolism, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
    • ,
  • Alessia D’Introno

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatrics, Center for Lipoprotein Metabolism, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
    • ,
  • Anna M. Colacicco

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatrics, Center for Lipoprotein Metabolism, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
    • ,
  • Andrea Santamato

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
    • ,
  • Davide Seripa

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Research, “Casa Sollievo dalla Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
    • ,
  • Alberto Pilotto

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Research, “Casa Sollievo dalla Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
    • Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCSS, “Casa Sollievo dalla Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
    • ,
  • Antonio Capurso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatrics, Center for Lipoprotein Metabolism, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
    • ,
  • Cristiano Capurso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatrics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy

Received 16 October 2007 ,Accepted 22 October 2007.

References 

  1. Boston PF, Dennis MS, Jagger C. Factors associated with vascular dementia in an elderly community population. Int. J. Psychiatry. 1999;14(9):761–766
  2. Evans RM, Emsley CL, Gao S, Sahota A, Hall KS, Farlow MR, et al. Serum cholesterol, APOE genotype, and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a population-based study of African Americans. Neurology. 2000;54(1):240–242
  3. Fujishima M, Kiyohara Y. Incidence and risk factors of dementia in a defined elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2002;977:1–8
  4. Hall K, Murrell J, Ogunniyi A, Deeg M, Baiyewu O, Gao S, et al. Cholesterol, APOE genotype, and Alzheimer disease: an epidemiologic study of Nigerian Yoruba. Neurology. 2006;66(2):223–227
  5. Joseph JA, Villalobos-Molinas R, Denisova NA, Erat S, Strain J. Cholesterol: a two-edged sword in brain aging. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1997;22(3):455–462
  6. Kalmijn S, Foley D, White L, Burchfiel CM, Curb JD, Petrovitch H, et al. Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome and risk of dementia in Japanese-American elderly men. The Honolulu-Asia aging study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000;20(10):2255–2260
  7. Kuusisto J, Koivisto K, Mykkanen L, Helkala EL, Vanhanen M, Hanninen T, et al. Association between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and Alzheimer's disease independently of apolipoprotein E4 phenotype: cross sectional population based study. BMJ. 1997;315(7115):1045–1049
  8. Mielke MM, Zandi PP, Sjogren M, Gustafson D, Ostling S, Steen B, et al. High total cholesterol levels in late life associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Neurology. 2005;64(10):1689–1695
  9. Panza F, D’Introno A, Colacicco AM, Capurso C, Pichichero G, Capurso SA, et al. Lipid metabolism in cognitive decline and dementia. Brain Res. Rev. 2006;51(2):275–292
  10. Panza F, Capurso C, D’Introno A, Colacicco AM, Vasquez F, Pistoia G, et al. Serum total cholesterol as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: mid-life or late-life determinations?. Exp. Gerontol. 2006;41(9):805–806
  11. Panza F, Capurso C, D’Introno A, Colacicco AM, De Candia D, Capurso A, et al. Total cholesterol levels and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2007;55(1):133–135
  12. Pappolla MA, Bryant-Thomas TK, Herbert D, Pacheco J, Fabra Garcia M, Manjon M, et al. Mild hypercholesterolemia is an early risk factor for the development of Alzheimer amyloid pathology. Neurology. 2003;61(2):199–205
  13. Romas SN, Tang MX, Berglund L, Mayeux R. APOE genotype, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and AD in community elderly. Neurology. 1999;53(3):517–521
  14. Simons M, Keller P, De Strooper B, Beyreuther K, Dotti CG, Simons K. Cholesterol depletion inhibits the generation of beta-amyloid in hippocampal neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998;95(11):6460–6464
  15. Solfrizzi V, Panza F, D’Introno A, Colacicco AM, Capurso C, Basile AM, et al. Lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein E genotype, and risk of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2002;72(6):732–736
  16. Solfrizzi V, Panza F, Colacicco AM, D’Introno A, Capurso C, Torres F, et al. Vascular risk factors, incidence of MCI, and rates of progression to dementia. Neurology. 2004;63(10):1882–1891
  17. Solomon A, Kareholt I, Ngandu T, Winblad B, Nissinen A, Tuomihelto J, et al. Serum cholesterol changes after midlife and late-life cognition: twenty-one-year follow-up study. Neurology. 2007;68(10):751–756
  18. Sparks DL, Scheff SW, Hunsaker JC, Liu H, Landers T, Gross DR. Induction of Alzheimer-like beta-amyloid immunoreactivity in the brains of rabbits with dietary cholesterol. Exp. Neurol. 1994;126(1):88–94
  19. Tan ZS, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Wilson PW, Kiel DP, Tocco M, et al. Plasma total cholesterol level as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Study. Arch. Intern. Med. 2003;163(9):1053–1057
  20. van der Kommer TN, Dik MG, Comijs HC, Fassbender K, Lutjohann D, Jonker C. Total cholesterol and oxysterols: early markers for cognitive decline in elderly?. Neurobiol. Aging. 2009;30:534–545
  21. Wirths O, Thelen K, Breyhan H, Luzón-Toro B, Hoffmann KH, Falkai P, et al. Decreased plasma cholesterol levels during aging in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Exp. Gerontol. 2006;41(2):220–224
  22. Yaffe K, Barrett-Connor E, Lin F, Grady D. Serum lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women. Arch. Neurol. 2002;59(3):378–384

PII: S0197-4580(07)00459-9

doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.10.019

Neurobiology of Aging
Volume 30, Issue 4 , Pages 546-548 , April 2009

Article Tools