Neurobiology of Aging
Volume 30, Issue 8 , Pages 1254-1264 , August 2009

APOE, ACT and CHRNA7 genes in the conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease

  • A. Barabash

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Psychoneuroendocrinology & Genetics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • A. Marcos

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • I. Ancín

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Psychoneuroendocrinology & Genetics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • B. Vázquez-Alvarez

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Psychoneuroendocrinology & Genetics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • C. de Ugarte

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Psychoneuroendocrinology & Genetics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • P. Gil

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatric, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • C. Fernández

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • M. Encinas

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Psychoneuroendocrinology & Genetics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • J.J. López-Ibor

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • ,
  • J.A. Cabranes

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Martín Lagos s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34 91 330 3808; fax: +34 91 330 3574.

Received 7 May 2007 ,Revised 5 October 2007 ,Accepted 4 November 2007.

References 

  1. Abraham CR. Reactive astrocytes and alpha1-antichymotrypsin in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 2001;22(6):931–936
  2. Abraham CR, Shirahama T, Potter H. Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is associated solely with amyloid deposits containing the beta-protein Amyloid and cell localization of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Neurobiol. Aging. 1990;11(2):123–129
  3. Aggarwal NT, Wilson RS, Beck TL, Bienias JL, Berry-Kravis E, Bennett DA. The apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and incident Alzheimer's disease in persons with mild cognitive impairment. Neurocase. 2005;11(1):3–7
  4. Amieva H, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Rouch-Leroyer I, Sourgen C, D’Alchee-Biree F, et al. Annual rate and predictors of conversion to dementia in subjects presenting mild cognitive impairment criteria defined according to a population-based study. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2004;18(1):87–93
  5. Arnaiz E, Almkvist O, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Wahlund LO, Winblad B, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: a cross-national comparison. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2004;75(9):1275–1280
  6. Auld DS, Kornecook TJ, Bastianetto S, Quirion R. Alzheimer's disease and the basal forebrain cholinergic system: relations to beta-amyloid peptides, cognition, and treatment strategies. Prog. Neurobiol. 2002;68(3):209–245
  7. Bachman DL, Wolf PA, Linn RT, Knoefel JE, Cobb JL, Belanger AJ, et al. Incidence of dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease in a general population: the Framingham Study. Neurology. 1993;43(3 Pt 1):515–519
  8. Bartres-Faz DJC, Lopez-Alomar A, Valveny N, Moral P, Casamayor R, Salido A, et al. Neuropsychological and genetic differences between age-associated memory impairment and mild cognitive impairment entities. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2001;49(7):985–990
  9. Bennett DA, Wilson RS, Schneider JA, Evans DA, Mendes de Leon CF, Arnold SE, et al. Education modifies the relation of AD pathology to level of cognitive function in older persons. Neurology. 2003;60(12):1909–1915
  10. Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006;25(1):
  11. Busse A, Angermeyer MC, Riedel-Heller SG. Progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: a challenge to current thinking. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2006;189:399–404
  12. Chu LW, Ma ES, Lam KK, Chan MF, Lee DH. Increased alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein levels in Alzheimer's disease patients. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2005;19(2-3):106–112
  13. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Risch NJ, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, et al. Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease. Nat. Genet. 1994;7(2):180–184
  14. Coria FRI, Bayon C, SantaEngracia N, Rodríguez- Artalejo F. Apolipoprotein E allelic variants predict dementia in elderly patients with memory impairment. Eur. J. Neurol. 1995;2:1–3
  15. D’Andrea MR, Nagele RG. Targeting the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to reduce amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease pyramidal neurons. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2006;12(6):677–684
  16. Davis HS, Rockwood K. Conceptualization of mild cognitive impairment: a review. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2004;19(4):313–319
  17. Devanand DP, Pelton GH, Zamora D, Liu X, Tabert MH, Goodkind M, et al. Predictive utility of apolipoprotein E genotype for Alzheimer disease in outpatients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 2005;62(6):975–980
  18. Dik MG, Jonker C, Bouter LM, Geerlings MI, van Kamp GJ, Deeg DJ. APOE-epsilon4 is associated with memory decline in cognitively impaired elderly. Neurology. 2000;54(7):1492–1497
  19. Dik MG, Jonker C, Hack CE, Smit JH, Comijs HC, Eikelenboom P. Serum inflammatory proteins and cognitive decline in older persons. Neurology. 2005;64(8):1371–1377
  20. Drachman DA. Aging of the brain, entropy, and Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2006;67(8):1340–1352
  21. Drzezga A, Grimmer T, Riemenschneider M, Lautenschlager N, Siebner H, Alexopoulus P, et al. Prediction of individual clinical outcome in MCI by means of genetic assessment and (18)F-FDG PET. J. Nucl. Med. 2005;46(10):1625–1632
  22. Dubois B, Albert ML. Amnestic MCI or prodromal Alzheimer's disease?. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3(4):246–248
  23. Engelborghs SDB, Goeman J, Saerens J, Marien P, Pickut BA, Van den Broeck M, et al. Prospective Belgian study od neurodegenerative and vascular dementia: APOE genotype effects. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2003;74(8):1148–1151
  24. Eriksson S, Janciauskiene S, Lannfelt L. Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin regulates Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide fibril formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1995;92(6):2313–2317
  25. Evans JG, Wilcock G, Birks J. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004;7(3):351–369
  26. Feldman HH, Jacova C. Mild cognitive impairment. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2005;13(8):645–655
  27. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1975;12(3):189–198
  28. Gatz M, Prescott CA, Pedersen NL. Lifestyle risk and delaying factors. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 2006;20(3 Suppl. 2):S84–S88
  29. Herukka SK, Helisalmi S, Hallikainen M, Tervo S, Soininen H, Pirttila T. CSF Abeta42, Tau and phosphorylated Tau APOE varepsilon4 allele and MCI type in progressive MCI. Neurobiol. Aging. 2006;
  30. Hixson JE, Vernier DT. Restriction isotyping of human apolipoprotein E by gene amplification and cleavage with HhaI. J. Lipid Res. 1990;31(3):545–548
  31. Jack CR, Petersen RC, Xu YC, O’Brien PC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, et al. Prediction of AD with MRI-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 1999;52(7):1397–1403
  32. Jicha GA, Parisi JE, Dickson DW, Johnson K, Cha R, Ivnik RJ, et al. Neuropathologic outcome of mild cognitive impairment following progression to clinical dementia. Arch. Neurol. 2006;63(5):674–681
  33. Johansson B, Zarit SH, Berg S. Changes in cognitive functioning of the oldest old. J. Gerontol. 1992;47(2):P75–P80
  34. Kamboh MI, Sanghera DK, Ferrell RE, DeKosky ST. APOE*4-associated Alzheimer's disease risk is modified by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin polymorphism. Nat. Genet. 1995;10(4):486–488
  35. Katzman R, Zhang MY, Chen PJ, Gu N, Jiang S, Saitoh T, et al. Effects of apolipoprotein E on dementia and aging in the Shanghai Survey of Dementia. Neurology. 1997;49(3):779–785
  36. Kryscio RJ, Schmitt FA, Salazar JC, Mendiondo MS, Markesbery WR. Risk factors for transitions from normal to mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Neurology. 2006;66(6):828–832
  37. Larrieu S, Letenneur L, Orgogozo JM, Fabrigoule C, Amieva H, Le Carret N, et al. Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort. Neurology. 2002;59(10):1594–1599
  38. Lautenschlager NT, Flicker L, Vasikaran S, Leedman P, Almeida OP. Subjective memory complaints with and without objective memory impairment: relationship with risk factors for dementia. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2005;13(8):731–734
  39. Lavados M, Farias G, Rothhammer F, Guillon M, Mujica MC, Maccioni C, et al. ApoE alleles and tau markers in patients with different levels of cognitive impairment. Arch. Med. Res. 2005;36(5):474–479
  40. Leonard S, Gault J, Hopkins J, Logel J, Vianzon R, Short M, et al. Association of promoter variants in the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene with an inhibitory deficit found in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2002;59(12):1085–1096
  41. Licastro FCM, Grimaldi LM, Morgan K, Kalsheker N, Calabrese E, Ritchie A, et al. A new promoter polymorphism in the alpha-1-antichymotrypsin gene is a disease modifier of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 2005;26(4):449–453
  42. Licastro F, Parnetti L, Morini MC, Davis LJ, Cucinotta D, Gaiti A, et al. Acute phase reactant alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is increased in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with probable Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 1995;9(2):112–118
  43. Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R, Hebert R, Helliwell B, Hill GB, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002;156(5):445–453
  44. Marcos A, Gil P, Barabash A, Rodriguez R, Encinas M, Fernandez C, et al. Neuropsychological markers of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen. 2006;21(3):189–196
  45. Morgan K, Licastro F, Tilley L, Ritchie A, Morgan L, Pedrini S, et al. Polymorphism in the alpha (1)-antichymotrypsin (ACT) gene promoter: effect on expression in transfected glial and liver cell lines and plasma ACT concentrations. Hum. Genet. 2001;109(3):303–310
  46. Mortimer JA, Borenstein AR, Gosche KM, Snowdon DA. Very early detection of Alzheimer neuropathology and the role of brain reserve in modifying its clinical expression. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 2005;18(4):218–223
  47. Muller U, Bodeker RH, Gerundt I, Kurz A. Lack of association between alpha 1-antichymotrypsin polymorphism, Alzheimer's disease, and allele epsilon 4 of apolipoprotein E. Neurology. 1996;47(6):1575–1577
  48. Murphy GM, Sullivan EV, Gallagher-Thompson D, Thompson LW, van Duijn CM, Forno LS, et al. No association between the alpha 1-antichymotrypsin A allele and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1997;48(5):1313–1316
  49. Nagele RG, D’Andrea MR, Anderson WJ, Wang HY. Intracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid (1–42) in neurons is facilitated by the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience. 2002;110(2):199–211
  50. Nilsson LN, Bales KR, DiCarlo G, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Paul SM, et al. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin promotes beta-sheet amyloid plaque deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 2001;21(5):1444–1451
  51. Ott A, Breteler MM, van Harskamp F, Stijnen T, Hofman A. Incidence and risk of dementia. The Rotterdam Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1998;147(6):574–580
  52. Palmer K, Wang H-X, Backman L, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Differential evolution of cognitive impairment in nondemented older persons: results from the Kungsholmen project. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2002;159(3):436–442
  53. Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs RC, Morris JC, Rabins PV, et al. Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 2001;58(12):1985–1992
  54. Petersen RC, Parisi JE, Dickson DW, Johnson KA, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, et al. Neuropathologic features of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 2006;63(5):665–672
  55. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Schaid DJ, Thibodeau SN, et al. Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals. JAMA. 1995;273(16):1274–1278
  56. Petersen RC, Waring SC, Smith GE, Tangalos EG, Thibodeau SN. Predictive value of APOE genotyping in incipient Alzheimer's disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1996;802:58–69
  57. Roe CM, Xiong C, Miller JP, Morris JC. Education and Alzheimer disease without dementia: support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Neurology. 2007;68(3):223–228
  58. Rosich-Estrago M, Figuera-Terre L, Mulet-Perez B, Arrufat-Cardus MT, Pascual San Emeterio A, Arbeola-Rigau I, et al. Dementia and cognitive impairment pattern: its association with epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene. Rev. Neurol. 2004;38(9):801–807
  59. Sabbagh MN, Shah F, Reid RT, Sue L, Connor DJ, Peterson LK, et al. Pathologic and nicotinic receptor binding differences between mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, and normal aging. Arch. Neurol. 2006;63(12):1771–1776
  60. Stern Y. Cognitive reserve and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 2006;20(2):112–117
  61. Talbot C, Lendon C, Craddock N, Shears S, Morris JC, Goate A. Protection against Alzheimer's disease with apoE epsilon 2. Lancet. 1994;343(8910):1432–1433
  62. Tervo S, Kivipelto M, Hanninen T, Vanhanen M, Hallikainen M, Mannermaa A, et al. Incidence and risk factors for mild cognitive impairment: a population-based three-year follow-up study of cognitively healthy elderly subjects. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2004;17(3):196–203
  63. Tierney MC, Szalai JP, Snow WG, Fisher RH, Tsuda T, Chi H, et al. A prospective study of the clinical utility of ApoE genotype in the prediction of outcome in patients with memory impairment. Neurology. 1996;46(1):149–154
  64. Travis J, Salvesen GS. Human plasma proteinase inhibitors. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1983;52:655–709
  65. Tschanz JT, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Lyketsos CG, Corcoran C, Green RC, Hayden K, et al. Conversion to dementia from mild cognitive disorder: the Cache County Study. Neurology. 2006;67(2):229–234
  66. van Duijn CM. Prospects of genetic research of mild cognitive impairment. J. Intern. Med. 2004;256(3):235–239
  67. Visser PJ, Kester A, Jolles J, Verhey F. Ten-year risk of dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2006;67(7):1201–1207
  68. Wancata J, Musalek M, Alexandrowicz R, Krautgartner M. Number of dementia sufferers in Europe between the years 2000 and 2050. Eur. Psychiatry. 2003;18(6):306–313
  69. Wang HY, Lee DH, Davis CB, Shank RP. Amyloid peptide Abeta (1–42) binds selectively and with picomolar affinity to alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Neurochem. 2000;75(3):1155–1161
  70. Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, Jelic V, Fratiglioni L, Wahlund LO, et al. Mild cognitive impairment—beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J. Intern. Med. 2004;256(3):240–246
  71. Yang Q, Khoury MJ, Botto L, Friedman JM, Flanders WD. Improving the prediction of complex diseases by testing for multiple disease-susceptibility genes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2003;72(3):636–649
  72. Zill P, Engel R, Hampel H, Behrens S, Burger K, Padberg F, et al. Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in gerontopsychiatric patients. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2001;251(1):24–28
  73. Zivelin A, Rosenberg N, Peretz H, Amit Y, Kornbrot N, Seligsohn U. Improved method for genotyping apolipoprotein E polymorphisms by a PCR-based assay simultaneously utilizing two distinct restriction enzymes. Clin. Chem. 1997;43(9):1657–1659

PII: S0197-4580(07)00423-X

doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.003

Neurobiology of Aging
Volume 30, Issue 8 , Pages 1254-1264 , August 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution